Carbureter.



No. 871,320. I PATENTED NOV. 19, 1907.

- L. BOLLBE.

CARBURETER.

APPLIGATION FILED 1116.3. 190s.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 871,320. PATENTED Nov. 19, 1907. L.. BOLLEE. GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3. 1903.

TW-W11 E Mmmm 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

LEON BOLLEE, oF LE MANS, FRANCE.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 19, 1907.

ipplimition filed Augnst 3. 1903. Serial No.168'007.

T o all whom it may concern:

Be it` knownthat I, LoN BQLLE, a citizen of the Republic of France,`residing at Le 'Mans, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Carbureters, of which the following is a speci-V ification.

This invention relates to apparatus -for regulatingthe supply and proportions of the explosive mixture to an internal combustion engine in accordance with re uirements; and has for its object to provi e anim roved construction and arrangements where y the explosive mixture of air and fuel is always perfectly proportioned to the lneeds of the moment. y In certain cases, such as for instance in motor car engines, the power developed by the engine7 either when running slowly and without doingany. work, or when running at high speed under full load,varies often as much as 1 to 20 and sometimes even more. The v(piantity of explosive mixture to be supplied to the engine shouldI vary practically 1n t e same proportion.

Assuming thatA the apparatus has passages,

' the size of which does not vary, thiswould mean that the suction at the point of discharge of the fuel would have to vary as the square of the'quantities handled, that is to say as 1 to 400, and consequently the suction for small outputs would be too weak to insure reliable working, and for large outputs too large `to give a full cylinder charge. Moreover, ex. erle-nce has shown that in an ordinary car ureter with small 'suction the mixture is much oorer than when the suction is 1freat, this eing due to the resistance the fue' meets with as 1t is sprayed in, which.

resistance is due to several causes, such as difference of level, eapillarity, etc.

The invention consists essentially in supe plying the explosive mixture to the engine sup ly pipe by menas of a series of passages eac i communicating with the carbureter or with one of a set of carbureters and a regulating device operated by the engine or under the .influence ofa governor or by hand being provided `whereby the Working mixture is caused tobe su plied from one onl y, or from y several or all o the supply passages accordling to the work to be done by' the engine, the

dimensions of the supply passages being also suchthat according to circumstances an 'supply reservoir being shown in plan.

-ply chamber to the engine.

almost perfectly proportioned mixture is sup lied. This system enables an almost er ectly proportloned mixture, l whatever its quantity, to be sup lied to the engine at all speeds, and under a l conditions of work.

In the followin .-descri tion the expression carbureter ywill e usedp as indicating the separate` chambers in which the mixture of air and fuel is effected, while the common assage or chamber with which the carliureters communicate will be called the engine supply chamber.

Devices whereby the above mentioned drawbacks are obviated and the required regulation of the ex losive mixture is obtamed according to t ls invention, are illustrated, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is anv elevation of a form of the appzaratus, artly in section on the line -fy. o ig. 2. ig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the form of apparatus seen in Fig. 1, the flel- 1 3 is a longitudinal section of a slightly -modfied device according t this invention in which thereis a series of five stepped carbureters connected with the single sup- Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively an elevation and a plan, partly 1n section, of another arrangement according to this invention, comprismg the combination of only two carbureters. Fig. 6 shows in plan a modified construction of the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, in which two carbureters are combined with a single fuel supply reservoir, so that there is a single constant level supply through two passages.

Incarrymg out my mvention according to Figs. I1 and 2 a series (in this case five) of yjets lc are arranged in line and fed from a -these assa es are of such a length as to'insure t at t e sprayed liquid shall be intimately mixed with the air, these passages esr thus form carbureting chambers and their length will be varied in accordance with the 'liquid fuel employed, which need not neces- According to the arrangement shown in-Fig. reservoirs 3, a number of distinct fuel supply of any suitable construction an each prefi erably adapted to supply a differently proportioned exgrlosive m1xture, are' connected y means of ve carbureters bled e and f to the` casing,suction conduit,or engine su ply ohamber, the'carbureters beingarrange in stepped relation on either side of the sup ly chamber. In both constructions a sli ingvalve a in the engine supply chamber,l in its movements covers or uncovers the endsof one or all of the carbureters, so that the explosive mixture is supplied from the lcarbureter b, or from the carbureters b and c, b 1: and d, b c d and e', or b c d e C to the engine supply pipe h, according to t e position occupied by the valve a at'any moment'.

The sliding valve a, as shown, is connected to the piston p, a spring g causing its return movements, and t e suction action of the engine Vwhich varies according to variations' in the work 'to be done, speed, etc., draws the iston p as great distance asis necessary to p ace the valve al in the position at which the required quality .and quantity of the explosive mixture wlll 'be supplied. Or, the valve a, can be operated by a governor, or by hand-mechanism when hand regulation 1s em loyed.

y suitably proportioning the areas of the carbureters b c d e and f and theA quality of the carbureted mixture sup lied through each, the respective areas of t e valve w and the piston p, and the strength of the spring g, an. apparatus constructed as illustrated and described'will Abe found to supply an almost perfectly proportioned mixturev under all circumstances;l

.The carbureters maybe governed by separate spring valves instead of by the one valve 0 the carbureters bein brought into operative connection with t e engine according as the suction action of the engine or the governor or hand gear, causes themovements of one or several or all of the said spring valves.

In practice unless very powerful engines are used two carbureters as shown b way of example Figs. v2, Sand 4 are s cient to suction action.

are emvfrom one fuel Vsupply insure a uniform Working. :One of the carbureters i is in this. case of small size and enables the engine to rotate very slowly while maintain a com aratively lu'gli T e secon carbureter y' is, on the contrary, of suiiicient size to enablel its capacity combined with that of the small icarbureter i to provide the requisite motive fluid when the engine is working hard. As soon as the -suction in the small carburetor i becomes too great the automatic valvea uncoversthe oriiice c of the large carbureter, so that both carbureters arebrought into use.

Even in the simple case of the use of. two carbureters i j only, practically perfect car- 80 bureting is insured. The sizes of the two carbureters 'i y' are calculated sol as to insure exact mixture at low speeds by the small carbureter i alone, and at'hi h speed by the two carbureters acting toget er, the carburization in the small carbureter becoming too v rich, while inthe large one itis a little too poor. It must be-besides pointed out that not only the suction does not vary much but that it never drops so low as to be more or vless unable to overcome the resistance oiere'd to the liquid fuel in escapin from the nozzle 7c ofthe sprayer of the car vureter, as often ha pens in engines with a single carbureterL unless the engine runs at a great speed, with enormous suction, otherwise it becomes necessary to be satisfied, at small speeds, With a suction of a few millimeters of Water which is often, at startin ,insufficient 'to overcome the resistance to :tIie dischage of the fuel at thfe s ray-nozzle. It' must be remembered also 't at in order to obtain proper carbureting there must be sufficient s eed of suction` for effecting spraying of,V the iquid fuel, and that consequently the carbureting chamber 105 must not be too large relatively tothe quantities of 'air and fuel used in the motor.

In the modified arrangement s'hownin 4 only one -f uel supply chamber is provide i but there are two carbureters b c With'the 110 sprayin nozzles arranged in these passages at li-an j. The'action and arrangement is otherwise similarl to that already described.

It is to be observed that there is no advantage beyond simplicity' in' feeding the jets 115 vreservoir, or in forming the passages para and in one piece instead of arrangingthem at distances apart.

The various passages may be of any diameter and not necessarily of increasing sizes. The arrangement of increasing diameters however has two advantages. First a smaller number ofjcarbureters lcan be used, the difi'erences of good carburization becoming less consequent y, allowing at this moment more marked change 1n the cross sectional area of the passages to be made; the second advantage conslsts'ln being able to have, if'desired, fewer carbureters 1n operation at one time, 130

l. A vaporizer for liquid hydrocarbons,

comprising a number of hydrocarbon-inlets, a separateair-mlet to each hydrocarbon-inlet, a common outlet-pipe and means for cutting off one vor more of the airs of hydrocarbon-inlets and air-inlets simultaneously, as describe-d.` t

2.` A vaporizer for liquid hydrocarbons, comprising a number of inlets for hydrocarbon and 'means at all times to supply a constant How toeach inlet, an air supply to each said inlet, an outlet for the vaporized mixture and a throttle valve between the individual inlets and the outlet adapted to c ut ofi or `open more or fewer of the combined air a'nd hydrocarbon inlets,V substantially, as described. t

3. vA vaporizer for liquid hydrocarbons, comprising'l an outlet pipe, a throttle valve opening thereto, a' body part containing a plurality oi chambers, a separate passage from each, chamber to the throttle valve and an air suppln and a hydrocarbon supply to each chamber, the throttle valve being adapted to cut ofi' more or fewer of the chambers from theoutlet pipe, substantially as described.

4. A carbureting apparatus comprising a casing,-a combustible mixture outlet therefrom, a plurality or carbureters communicating with the casing, and means in said casing adapted to progressively uncover 'the outlets from the carbureters, substantially as set forth.

5. A carbureting apparatus` comprising a casing,-, a combustible mixture-outlet therefrom, a plurality of carbureters communicating with the casing, and a valve in said casing adapted to progressively uncover the outlets from the carbureters, "substantially, as set forth.

6. A carbureting apparatus comprising a casing, a combustible mixture outlet therefrom, a plurality ofcarbureters communicating with the casing and a valve in said 4casing operated by the suction of the engine 'and adapted to progressively uncover the outlets casing, a combust from the carbureters substantially as set forth.

7. A carburetin apparatus' comprising a ile mixture outlet therefrom, a plurality of carbureters communicating with the casing, a suction piston m'sald casing, and a valve operated by said piston and adapted to progressively uncover the outlets from the carbureters substantially as set forth. y

8. A carburetin apparatus comprising a casing, a combusti le mixture outlet therefrom, a plurality ofcarbureters communicating with the casing, corresponding passages of progressively varying cross-sectional area, intermediate the carbureters and casing, a suction piston in said casing, and a pistonpperated 4valve adapted to uncover t eoutlets fromv the carloureter passages, substantially as set forth.

9. `A carbureting apparatusrcomprising a casing, a combustible mixture outlet therefrom, a plurality of carbureters communicating with the casing on either side thereof in stepped relation, corresponding passages of progressively varyl fr cross-sectlonal area, intermediate the car ureters andv casing, a suction piston in said casing, and a piston operated valve adapted to uncover t e outlets from the carbureter passages, substantially as set forth.

10. A carbureting apparatus compr1s1ng a casing, a combustible mixture outlet therefrom, a large carbul'eter and a small carbureter communicating with the casing, and means adapted to uncover the outlets from the carbureters successively, substantially as set forth.' f

11. A carbureting apparatus comprlsing a casing, a combustible mixture outlet there from, a plurality of carbureters, a common 'fuel reservoir and a valve .in said casing adapted to progressively uncover the passages from the mixing chambers, substantially as set forth.

lnv testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification 1n the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LON 'BOLLE Witnesses:

JEAN ROBELET, AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM. 

